Summary
The aim of this trial is to evaluate whether testosterone replacement results in greater improvement in pain perception, pain tolerance, sexual function, fatigue, and quality of life when compared with placebo in men with chronic spinal pain treated with opioids who have opioid-induced hypogonadism (low testosterone).
Detailed Description
This single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial will evaluate pain and quality of life outcomes associated with 6 months of treatment with testosterone or placebo in men aged 18 years or older with chronic non-cancer spinal pain who are taking opioid analgesics for at least 6 months and have opioid-induced hypogonadism.
Eligibility Criteria
Age Range: 18 years to No maximum
Inclusion Criteria:
* Men, age 18 years and older.
* Chronic non-cancer spinal pain.
* Use of opioid analgesics for at least 6 months.
* Serum total testosterone (measured by mass spectrometry) \<348 ng/dL and/or free testosterone \<70 pg/mL.
* Ability and willingness to provide informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria:
* History of prostate cancer or breast cancer.
* Known history of organic hypogonadism (e.g., due to hypothalamic, pituitary or testicular disease).
* Use of testosterone within the past 6 months.
* Baseline hematocrit \>48%.
* Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level \>4 ng/mL in Caucasians or \>3 ng/mL in African-Americans.
* Presence of prostate nodule or induration on digital rectal examination.
* Uncontrolled congestive heart failure.
* Myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, revascularization surgery or stroke within 3 months.
* Serum creatinine \>2.5 mg/dL.
* Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level 3 times above the upper limit of normal.
* Diagnosis of bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.
* Presence of metallic implants (pacemakers, aneurysm clips, etc.) that preclude the patient from undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In subjects who are otherwise eligible and either do not qualify for MRI or are reluctant to undergo imaging, the investigators may consider enrolling such participants on a case-by-case basis.
Interventions
DRUG
Testosterone Undecanoate 250 MG/ML
DRUG
Placebo