Impact of Anti-inflammatory Medications in Patients With Elevated Serum Prostate-specific Antigen

Inclusion Criteria: * Male patients age between 18-80 years old with a screening PSA \> 3 ng/ml being considered for additional diagnostic testing (e.g., MRI, biopsy) * Normal digital rectal examination. * No clinical symptoms concerning acute urinary tract infection (e.g. dysuria, malodorous urine, positive urine culture) Exclusion Criteria: * Active urinary tract infections or bacteriuria * Known prostate cancer * Urethral catheter within the last 6 weeks * History of hypersensitivity or allergy to ibuprofen or NSAIDs. * Known severe chronic kidney disease: eGFR \< 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 * Known history of severe liver disease (elevated AST or ALT greater than 3 times upper limit of normal) * History of gastrointestinal bleeding or NSAIDs induced GI adverse events * Concomitant dual-antiplatelet use or anticoagulants * Concomitant anti-inflammatory or steroidal drugs * Known bleeding disorder(s) * Patients with a solitary kidney or history of a kidney transplant * Any other medical contraindication to NSAIDs