Using Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Risk Stratification of Post -Treatment Recurrence and Long-Term Surveillance of Lung Cancer

Inclusion Criteria: * Potentially-resectable lung nodule 8-40 mm diameter suspected (no preop diagnosis) of being a clinically node-negative lung cancer \[clinical stage IA-IB (cT1a-T2aN0), \<4cm diameter\]. * If surgical resection is recommended, patient will undergo surgery at Moffitt Cancer Center. * If a definite tissue diagnosis is obtained and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is the recommended treatment instead of surgery, the SBRT will be delivered at Moffitt Cancer Center. * \>18 years old, male or female. * ECOG performance status 0-1. * Agree to participate in the follow-up protocol. * Any suspected primary lung cancer cell type (except a suspected typical carcinoid tumor, carcinoma in situ or minimally-invasive carcinoma). * Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written, informed consent document. Exclusion Criteria: * Participants who are actively receiving any cancer treatment. * Participants with uncontrolled intercurrent illness. * Prior lung cancer within 5 years. * Current active other major cancer except non-melanoma skin cancer. * Patients with pure ground glass opacities (nodules) or hilar masses. * Suspected typical carcinoid cell type (well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma). * Metastatic nodule (suspected) in the lung from an extrapulmonary cancer. * Patient unable to provide informed consent. * Prisoner or incarcerated individual. * For surgical patients, a R1 or R2 resection.