Summary
The primary goal of this clinical trial is to test the hypothesis that the drug canakinumab (anti-IL-1B monoclonal antibody) decreases vascular inflammation when used by people with a history of coronary artery disease, including those with and without clonal hematopoiesis driven by mutations in TET2.
Detailed Description
This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to test the effects of canakinumab, an inhibitor of interleukin-1B, on vascular inflammation in individuals with coronary artery disease. Half of the trial population will have clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) driven by mutations in TET2. Participants (total N=120) will be randomized 1:1 to receive canakinumab (n=60) versus placebo (n=60). Baseline assessment in all participants will include coronary CT angiography, and a subset of participants in each group (n=16 per group) will undergo SPECT imaging to assess macrophage-specific vascular inflammation. After randomization, participants will have injection/safety visits at Week 0, Week 12, Week 24, and Week 36. Repeat imaging assessments for vascular inflammation will occur during the Week 48 visit(s). Participants will undergo final study and safety assessments at Week 60. The primary endpoint is change in the fat attenuation index (FAI) as measured by coronary CT angiography between baseline and Week 48. Other key endpoints are change in macrophage-specific inflammation by SPECT between baseline and Week 48 and change in TET2 clonal variant allele fraction among participant with TET2 clonal hematopoiesis.
Eligibility Criteria
Age Range: 18 years to No maximum
Inclusion Criteria:
* 18 years or older
* Coronary artery disease, defined as prior heart attack, coronary stent procedure \>180 days before baseline imaging, or advanced subclinical coronary atherosclerosis (coronary artery calcium score ≥300 Agatston units, CAD-RADS 3 or greater atherosclerosis on coronary CT angiography, or qualitatively severe coronary artery calcification identified on non-gated CT imaging)
* Presence of either TET2 mutations or no myeloid driver mutations on prior sequencing
Exclusion Criteria:
* placement of a drug-eluting stent in a proximal coronary arterial segment \<180 days before baseline imaging
* prior coronary artery bypass grafting
* pregnancy or breastfeeding
* history of blood malignancy or current solid-tumor malignancy
* history of organ or stem cell transplantation
* current treatment with prescription, systemic (oral, IV \[intravenous\], or IM \[intramuscular\]) steroids or anti-inflammatory/immune suppressant medical therapies (including colchicine but excluding topical therapies, UV therapy, ASA-derivative therapies, or NSAIDS) for autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, post-transplant care, asthma, or pain
* use of oral steroids or prescription oral anti-inflammatory/immune suppressant medication for \>7 days within the past 1 month
* use of IV or IM steroids or IV or IM anti-inflammatory/immune suppressant medication within the past 3 months
* known allergy to dextran's and/or DTPA and/or radiometals and/or severe allergy to iodinated contrast media
* estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \< 45 ml/min/1.73 m2
* contraindications to nitroglycerin known narrow angle glaucoma, or known severe aortic stenosis
* use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor AND refusal to abstain from use of these medications within the 5 days prior to scheduled CCTA scan
* significant radiation exposure (40msV) received within the past 12 months
* concurrent enrollment in another research study judged by the investigators to interfere with the current study
* known active or recurrent hepatic disease (including cirrhosis or ALT/AST levels \>3 times the upper limit oof or total bilirubin \>2 times the upper limits of normal)
* history or evidence of tuberculosis (TB) (active or latent) infection or risk factor for TB
* active bacterial, fungal or viral infection at the time of enrollment or history of recurrent infections
* suspected or proven immunocompromised state
* live vaccinations within 3 months prior to randomization visit or live vaccinations planned during the trial