The Prevalence of Directional Preference in the Lumbar Stenosis Population

Inclusion Criteria: * Neurogenic claudication (pain in the buttock, thigh, or leg during ambulation) or radicular leg symptoms with associated neurological deficits on the physical examination for at least 12 weeks. * Confirmatory cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) imaging demonstrating the presence of either central or lateral lumbar spinal stenosis at one or more levels was required. * Age \>48 years old * Willing and able to consent * Scheduled to receive physical therapy that includes the collection of patients outcomes, functional tests, and may include the conduct of a two-stage treadmill test Exclusion Criteria: * Radiographic evidence of instability, degenerative spondylolisthesis, fracture, or scoliosis of more than 15°. * Comorbid health conditions precluding surgical management, prior lumbar surgery, progressive neurological deficit, any inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or indication of a potential non-musculoskeletal spinal condition (e.g., active malignancy, infection, etc.)