Comparison of Intravesical Therapy and Surgery as Treatment Options for Bladder Cancer 2

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Adult 18 years of age or older; and 2. Presenting with high-grade NMIBC established by anatomic pathology as tumor stage classification Tis, Ta, or T1, and with: 1. Pathology documentation from any hospital/clinic/medical center 2. More than 50% urothelial carcinoma component in the specimen; and 3. History of high-grade NMIBC established by anatomic pathology as tumor stage classification Tis, Ta, or T1; and 4. In the previous 12 months, received at least one instillation of any intravesical agent (induction or maintenance) or one administration of systemic therapy for NMIBC treatment. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Any plasmacytoid or small cell (neuroendocrine) component in the pathology (past or current presentation); 2. Previous history of cystectomy or radiation therapy for bladder cancer; 3. Previous history of muscle-invasive bladder cancer or metastatic bladder cancer; 4. Untreated or current urinary tract urothelial carcinoma outside of the bladder (e.g. ureters, renal pelvis, penile urethra for males, urethra for females). Urinary tract cancer outside of the bladder treated more than 2 years ago is not an exclusion; 5. Incarcerated in a detention facility or in police custody at baseline/screening (patients wearing a monitoring device can be enrolled); 6. Contraindication to radical cystectomy (e.g., ASA of 4, patient not considered a radical cystectomy candidate due to comorbidity); 7. Contraindication to BST (i.e., intolerant of all intravesical and intravenous medical therapies); 8. Unable to provide written informed consent in English; 9. Unable to be contacted for research surveys; 10. Planning to participate in a blinded interventional clinical trial for NMIBC such that details about treatment or therapy received will be unavailable for data collection.