Paper-Based and Smartphone-Based Memory Supports

Inclusion Criteria: * Demonstrate capacity to consent via structured interview that involves reviewing core study features and probing for understanding of potential benefits/consequences of participating, and understanding that one can withdraw consent at any point, or availability to obtain surrogate consent. * Clinical features consistent with a diagnosis of MCI or dementia. For clinic-referred participants, available records will be reviewed to ensure the clinical diagnosis meets published diagnostic guidelines. If there is not sufficient documentation for diagnostic purposes, then semi-structured clinical interview and cognitive screening (see below) will be reviewed by clinical staff. * Cognitive status for inclusion will be assessed by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores of 17-25 (or 12-18 for the telephone version if in-clinic assessment is not feasible). While some studies suggested that these ranges are appropriate across diverse groups, recent work indicates that adjustment of 1-2 points for different demographics improves instrument sensitivity in disadvantaged groups. The latter approach will be taken. * Functional status will be assessed via semi-structured interview with the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS), with stage 3 or 4 indicating independence in basic self-maintenance activities. * Adequate sensory and motor abilities to utilize a smartphone with accommodation. * Availability of a co-participant who sees the participant at least once a month. Co-Participant Inclusion Criteria: * The co-participant will need to be over the age of 18, consent to participation, and see the participant at least once per month. Exclusion Criteria: * History of serious mental illness including schizophrenia or bipolar disorder that is judged by the clinician to be the primary cause of cognitive decline. * Indication of moderate or severe dementia based on clinical documentation, MoCA score, and/or collateral/informant activities of daily living measure during the screening process (GDS score ≥5). * Language difficulties significant enough to interfere with the screening procedures. * Uncorrected hearing loss, vision loss, or motor dysfunction significant enough to interfere with training. * No study partner. * At the current time, individuals who do not identify as conversational in English will be excluded from participation. Co-Participant Exclusion Criteria: * Sees participant less than once per month. * At the current time, individuals who do not identify as conversational in English will be excluded from participation.