Detailed Description
Primary Objective:
To assess the change in the Post Venous Thromboembolism Functional Status (PFVS, see Appendix) score at the time of discharge.
Secondary Objectives:
1. To evaluate quality of life outcomes in patients undergoing thrombectomy by assessing changes in RV/LV ratio from baseline to 48 hours and 90 days post-procedure.
2. To compare PE-related mortality versus all-cause mortality.
3. To assess the incidence of device-related complications and rate of major bleeding events.
4. To assess safety by determining the incidence of major adverse events within 7 days post-treatment.
5. To compare pre- and post-procedure oxygen requirements and six-minute walk test (6MWT) performance in ambulatory patients.
6. To evaluate radiographic changes over time on CT imaging, including parenchymal perfusion and RV/LV ratio in patients undergoing different treatment, at three-time points baseline, 48 hours, and 90 days.
7. To compare BORG Dyspnea Scale scores between pre- and 90-day post-treatment.
8. To evaluate the rate of PE recurrence within 90 days.
9. To evaluate changes in residual volume of PE from baseline to follow-up imaging.
10. To assess the incidence and severity of bleeding events using the BARC (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium) classification, and to explore associations between bleeding events and patients' chemotherapy or immunotherapy regimens through subgroup analysis.
11. To characterize the histopathologic features of retrieved thrombus specimens, categorizing them as either bland thrombus or tumor thrombus, and further classifying tumor thrombi by histologic origin, such as gastrointestinal (GI) or genitourinary (GU) malignancies.
12. To evaluate the reduction in RV/LV ratio on 48-hour post-treatment CT.
Eligibility Criteria
Age Range: 18 years to No maximum
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Patients with current or prior diagnosis of cancer. Histopathologic or radiologic imaging findings of primary or metastatic cancer are acceptable,
2. Confirmed PE, based on computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) imaging showing a filling defect in at least one main or proximal lobar pulmonary artery
3. Classification of intermediate risk PE as defined by the institutional PERT algorithm
4. Candidate for standard of care pulmonary thrombectomy
5. Age greater than or equal to 18 years. The devices for mechanical thrombectomy are not suitably sized for pediatric patients.
6. ECOG performance status less than or equal to 3
7. Patients must have adequate organ and marrow function as defined below:
1. absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1,000/mcL If ANC value is below 1,000/mcL, patient may be included if in the opinion of investigator, low ANC is due to ongoing chemotherapy and/or that it would not interfere with safe delivery of procedure or with the interpretation of study results.
2. Platelets ≥ 30,000/mcL
8. As these procedures can be performed without the use of iodinated contrast, there are no specific requirements for renal function
9. Evidence of post-menopausal status or negative urinary or serum pregnancy test for female pre-menopausal patients. Women will be considered post-menopausal if they have been amenorrheic for 12 months without an alternative medical cause. The following age-specific requirements apply: Women \<50 years of age would be considered post-menopausal if they have been amenorrheic for 12 months or more following cessation of exogenous hormonal treatments and if they have luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels in the post-menopausal range for the institution or underwent surgical sterilization. Women ≥ 50 years of age would be considered post-menopausal if they have been amenorrheic for 12 months or more following cessation of all exogenous hormonal treatments, had radiation-induced menopause with last menses \>1 year ago, had chemotherapy-induced menopause with last menses \>1 year ago, or underwent surgical sterilization.
10. All lines of prior systemic therapy are permissible. Standard concurrent chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or targeted therapy are permissible.
11. Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document. Patients being treated with emergency thrombectomy who are unable to consent prior to their procedure can be enrolled if the informed consent is provided and signed within 72 hours of the procedure.
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Hemodynamic instability with any of the following present:
1. Cardiac arrest
2. Obstructive shock or persistent hypotension defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) \<90 mmHg or an acute drop in systolic BP ≥40 mmHg for \>15 min, or requiring vasopressor or inotropic support to achieve a systolic BP ≥90 mmHg
2. Patients on ECMO
3. History, imaging or hemodynamic findings consistent with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) or chronic thromboembolic disease (CTED) diagnosis
4. Imaging evidence or other evidence that suggests, in the opinion of the Investigator, that catheter-based intervention is not appropriate for the patient
a. Including but not limited to large volume lung metastases, especially in vascular distribution, large volume pulmonary infarct
5. Allergy, hypersensitivity, or heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
6. Severe active infection (e.g. sepsis) requiring treatment at time of enrollment
7. Life expectancy \<90 days